The universe is a purposeful creation by Allah, structured in layers both physical and metaphysical. Life is a test for the afterlife, and everything from the largest galaxies to the smallest creatures is a sign of divine expertise.

1. Creation of the Universe: Islamic cosmology holds that Allah created the universe in six days and that everything within the universe is purposefully designed and precisely balanced according to divine wisdom.

2. The Nature of the Cosmos: The cosmos is seen as a multi-layered reality. Traditional Islamic cosmology often describes the universe as having seven heavens, which are levels or layers of the universe, each with its own physical properties and beings. Earth is typically considered the lowest realm, followed by the ascending heavens, which are the abode of angels and other creatures.

3. Human Existence: Humans are viewed as part of the cosmic order, with a unique role as viceregents (khalifah) on Earth. This entails a responsibility to manage the world's resources wisely and maintain the balance (mizan) that God has established.

4. The Unseen World: Islamic cosmology includes belief in the unseen world (al-ghayb), which encompasses entities such as angels, jinn (spiritual beings), and other non-material beings that perform various functions within the cosmos.

5. The End Times: Islamic eschatology details events at the end of the world, including the signs of the Hour, the coming of the Mahdi, the appearance of the Antichrist (Dajjal), and the second coming of Jesus (Isa). Ultimately, it describes the Day of Judgment when every individual will be resurrected and judged by Allah for their deeds.

6. Interplay with Science: Throughout history, Muslim scholars have engaged with the scientific understanding of the cosmos, often finding ways to integrate empirical observations with theological teachings. During the Golden Age of Islam, many contributions were made to astronomy, mathematics, and geography.

7. Metaphysical Dimensions: Beyond the physical layout of the heavens and the earth, Islamic cosmology also delves into the spiritual dimensions of existence, contemplating the nature of the soul, life after death, and the metaphysical connection between God and His creation.