The exploit on the ethereum blockchain by brothers Anton and James Peraire-Bueno involved sending false digital signatures to trick the relay, which acts in a manner similar to an escrow account, into releasing transaction information prematurely.

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Specifically, the brothers were accused of sending a 'false signature' in lieu of a valid digital signature to a crucial player in the chain known as a 'relay.' A signature is needed to reveal the contents of a proposed block of transactions – including all of the potential profits contained inside the bundle.

In this process, a relay acts in a manner similar to an escrow account, which temporarily maintains the otherwise private transaction data of the proposed block until the validator commits to publishing the block to the blockchain exactly as ordered,' the prosecutors wrote. 'The relay will not release the transactions within the proposed block to the validator until the validator has confirmed through a digital signature that it will publish the proposed block, as structured by the builder, to the blockchain.

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Technical specifics of how the ethereum attack by two brothers Anton and James Peraire-Bueno was executed