Reducing Emissions: This is about cutting down on greenhouse gas emissions, primarily through transitioning to renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

Carbon Sequestration: Enhancing natural processes that capture and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, such as reforestation, afforestation, and soil management in agriculture.

Energy Efficiency: Improving energy efficiency in buildings, transportation, and industry to reduce overall energy consumption.

Sustainable Transportation: Developing and promoting transportation options that emit fewer greenhouse gases, such as electric vehicles, public transportation, and non-motorized transport like cycling and walking.

Waste Management: Reducing methane emissions from waste by improving waste management practices, including recycling, composting, and capturing gas from landfills.

Policy and Regulation: Implementing policies that incentivize the reduction of emissions, such as carbon pricing, emissions trading systems, and regulations on energy efficiency and pollution.

Technological Innovation: Investing in and developing new technologies that reduce emissions or remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, like carbon capture and storage (CCS) and advanced nuclear power.

Infrastructure Resilience: Upgrading and designing infrastructure to withstand extreme weather events and rising sea levels, such as flood defenses and heat-resistant materials.

Water Management: Ensuring the availability of water resources through improved water storage, conservation, and protection of water ecosystems.

Agricultural Adaptation: Adjusting agricultural practices to cope with changing climate conditions, including the use of drought-resistant crops, altered planting schedules, and improved irrigation techniques.

Ecosystem Management: Protecting and restoring ecosystems that provide natural barriers against climate impacts, such as mangroves, wetlands, and forests.

Health Preparedness: Strengthening public health systems to deal with climate-related diseases and health impacts, such as heatwaves and the spread of vector-borne diseases.

Community Engagement: Involving local communities in the planning and implementation of adaptation strategies, recognizing that local knowledge can be crucial in developing effective approaches.

Disaster Risk Reduction: Implementing early warning systems and disaster risk management plans to reduce the impact of climate-related disasters on populations.

Economic Diversification: Encouraging diversification in economies that are heavily dependent on climate-sensitive sectors to reduce vulnerability to climate change.

Insurance and Finance: Developing financial instruments like climate risk insurance to help communities recover from climate-related damages and incentivize risk-reducing behaviors.

Planning and Zoning: Adjusting land use planning and zoning regulations to discourage development in high-risk areas and to promote sustainable urban development.