Russia strengthens ties with Africa despite Western sanctions

Despite facing harsh sanctions from Western countries due to its military aggression in Ukraine, Russia is forging ahead with efforts to strengthen its presence in Africa. This essay explores Russia's expanding influence on the African continent, focusing on bilateral agreements and commercial deals that have been struck in recent months. It delves into the motivations behind these partnerships and examines the geopolitical dynamics at play.

The sanctions imposed on Russia by NATO states in response to its attack on Ukraine have been met with limited support in Africa. Dr. Mustafa Mheta, an expert at the Johannesburg-based think tank Media Review Network (MRN), emphasized that the sanctions find few supporters on the continent. This sentiment underscores Africa's pragmatic approach to international relations and its inclination to prioritize its own interests over aligning with Western sanctions.

In a recent development, Zimbabwe and Russia reaffirmed their commitment to deepen their bilateral relations during the Zimbabwe-Russia Intergovernmental Commission (ICG) session. The countries explored opportunities for cooperation in economic, trade, scientific, and technical domains. Notably, Russia's Natural Resources and Environment Minister Alexander Kozlov proposed engaging Russian company Zarubezhgeologiya in geological mapping in Zimbabwe. This initiative underscores Russia's interest in contributing to Zimbabwe's resource development.

Additionally, Cameroon made history by becoming the first African nation to sign a strategic military deal with Russia after the onset of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The agreement aims to bolster Cameroon's capabilities in combating piracy and terrorism while enhancing military training. These agreements reflect Russia's commitment to providing support in critical areas that align with the security and defense needs of African nations.

Dr. Mheta argues that many African countries are opting to engage with Russia because it, like China, respects the sovereignty of its partners and refrains from interfering in their internal affairs. This approach appeals to African nations that seek to maintain autonomy in their decision-making processes and avoid external interference.

Professor Dirk Kotzé from the University of South Africa observes that it may be easier for Russia to engage with governments on the continent that have less democratic processes. Such governments may have greater flexibility in pursuing cooperation agreements without the complexities of democratic decision-making. Ultimately, the choice of cooperation partners lies with each African country, reflecting their unique circumstances and priorities.

The Russia-Ukraine conflict has triggered bloc formation among African countries. Some nations have aligned themselves with Russia, expressing support for its actions, while others have opposed the invasion. These divisions have played out on the international stage, including at the United Nations General Assembly. The conflict has highlighted the diverse positions taken by African countries based on their historical ties, strategic interests, and principles.

Historical Context and the Non-Aligned Movement:

Sultan Kakuba, a political scientist from Uganda's Kyambogo University, emphasizes the historical context of Africa's relations with Russia. Many African nations have a history of obtaining military equipment from Russia, and they also acknowledge Russia's role in supporting their struggles for independence. These historical connections have contributed to the enduring relevance of Russia in Africa.

In conclusion, Russia's expanding influence in Africa amid Western sanctions demonstrates the complex dynamics at play in international relations. African countries, guided by their interests and historical ties, are forging partnerships with Russia, seeking to benefit from its support in various domains. The Russia-Ukraine conflict has not only shaped bloc formation but also highlighted Africa's pragmatic approach to diplomacy and its commitment to maintaining autonomy in decision-making. As Russia continues to engage with African nations, the continent may see increased cooperation and investment from Russian companies, further shaping the evolving landscape of Russia-Africa relations.