Why Does Ukraine Matter to the EU?

The article "Why Does Ukraine Matter to the EU?" highlights the complexities and diverse interests within the EU regarding its eastern neighbor. Shumylo-Tapiola's central argument is that the EU must pause and critically examine why Ukraine is important to it, moving beyond generalities to develop a more effective and strategic approach in its dealings with Kyiv.

Initially, the article points out that Ukraine was not a major focus for the EU in the first decade after gaining independence. It wasn't until the EU's 2004 enlargement and Ukraine's subsequent Orange Revolution that the EU began to pay more attention to Ukraine, viewing it as a potential candidate for further integration. However, the EU's approach towards Ukraine lacked a clear strategic vision, often being reactive rather than proactive.

Shumylo-Tapiola discusses how different EU member states have had varied interests and attitudes towards Ukraine. While Central and Eastern European states, particularly Poland, advocated for closer ties and even EU membership for Ukraine, other, more conservative members were cautious, viewing Ukraine as an important but not integral part of the European project. The author notes that these divergent views often led to a lack of cohesive policy towards Ukraine within the EU.

The article emphasizes that Ukraine's significance to the EU extends beyond mere geographical proximity. It touches on several crucial areas: political stability, security, economic potential, and energy security. Ukraine's governance issues and democratic backslide are flagged as potential security threats to the EU, given the possibility of increased migration and regional instability.

Economically, Ukraine presents a significant market opportunity for the EU, with its large population and agricultural potential. However, this potential remains largely untapped due to Ukraine's challenging business environment and the need for comprehensive reforms. The article also highlights Ukraine's critical role in the energy sector, especially as a transit country for Russian gas to the EU. This aspect underscores Ukraine's importance in the broader context of EU energy security.

In conclusion, Shumylo-Tapiola argues for a more nuanced and strategic EU approach towards Ukraine. This approach should consider the diverse interests of EU member states and the multifaceted nature of Ukraine's significance to the EU. The author advocates for continued engagement with Ukraine but calls for a reassessment of the EU's tools and strategies to ensure a more effective and beneficial relationship for both sides.