Many Palestinians felt disillusioned by the perceived failure of the Oslo Accords and other peace initiatives with Israel. Hamas's hardline stance against Israel, in contrast to Fatah's approach which was seen as yielding little progress, appeared more assertive and gained support.
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Many Palestinians believe that Israel has used the Oslo Accords to justify its expansion of illegal settlements in the West Bank
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The Oslo Accords witnessed a slow decline, with Israel continuing its occupation of Palestinian land and refusing to withdraw militarily from the majority of the West Bank while continuing to conduct raids into land considered under the full administration of the PA.
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Palestinian spokesmen repeatedly explained that the collapse of the Oslo peace process was due first and foremost to the expansion of Israeli settlements and the disappointing extent of the territorial control of the Palestinian Authority. Polls of Palestinian public opinion indicate that the broad populace shared this view.
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