Specific proposals put to a vote by the public within the city and county of San Francisco. These measures can involve a wide range of public policy issues, such as amendments to the city charter, tax proposals, bond issues, or regulations on various civic concerns. The process allows residents to directly influence local legislation and policies, reflecting a form of direct democracy. Ballot measures can be initiated by the city's Board of Supervisors or by citizen petition, and they require a majority vote (usually over 50%) to pass, although some measures, like those involving bonds or taxes, may require a higher threshold for approval.