Dharmic religion
The term "Dharmic religions" refers to a group of religions and spiritual traditions originating in the Indian subcontinent, which include Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. These religions are collectively termed "Dharmic" due to their shared foundational concept of "Dharma."
What is Dharma?
Dharma, a Sanskrit word, is a complex and multifaceted concept with no direct translation in Western languages. It is often interpreted as "right way of living," "righteous duty," "moral order," or "cosmic law." In the context of Dharmic religions, Dharma encompasses the ethical, spiritual, and societal duties and responsibilities that, according to these faiths, are necessary for maintaining order in the universe and life.
Influence of Dharma
Hinduism: In Hinduism, Dharma forms the moral foundation of life. It is an all-encompassing term that guides Hindus on how to live in a way that upholds cosmic order and societal harmony. The concept of 'Varna Dharma' (duty according to one's class and stage of life) and 'Ashrama Dharma' (duty according to one's age and life stage) are pivotal in Hindu ethics. The Bhagavad Gita, a key Hindu text, extensively discusses Dharma, emphasizing the importance of performing one's duty and action (Karma) without attachment to the results.
Buddhism: In Buddhism, Dharma (referred to as Dhamma in Pali) denotes the teachings of the Buddha, which are seen as a universal truth. Here, Dharma is understood as the path leading to the cessation of suffering and the cycle of rebirth. The Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path constitute the core of Buddhist Dharma, guiding followers toward enlightenment (Nirvana).
Jainism: Jain Dharma emphasizes living a life of asceticism and non-violence (Ahimsa). It advocates for a path of purification and self-discipline aimed at liberation of the soul from karmic bondage. The Jain concept of Dharma involves strict adherence to ethical conduct, with a significant focus on non-violence, truthfulness, and asceticism.
Sikhism: In Sikhism, Dharma is seen as the path of righteousness and moral duty. It is closely linked with the concept of ‘Dharam’ (righteous duty) and ‘Kirt Karna’ (honest livelihood). The teachings of the Sikh Gurus, as recorded in the Guru Granth Sahib, emphasize living a life of truthfulness, justice, compassion, and humility, as the means to realize God.
Convergences of Dharma in Dharmic religions
Despite the differences in their philosophical interpretations and practices, these four Dharmic religions share common understandings and values related to Dharma:
Ethical Living and Moral Duty: Each religion emphasizes a way of life that upholds ethical values and moral duties. Be it through the adherence to the caste duties in Hinduism, the Eightfold Path in Buddhism, the rigorous ethical code in Jainism, or the emphasis on truthful living in Sikhism, Dharma serves as a guiding principle for righteous living.
Universal Order and Harmony: Dharma is perceived as the principle that maintains cosmic harmony and order. This encompasses not just individual conduct but also the balance and order of the universe as a whole.
Path to Liberation: In all these religions, following the path of Dharma is seen as essential for spiritual liberation. Whether it is Moksha in Hinduism, Nirvana in Buddhism, liberation from the cycle of rebirth in Jainism, or union with God in Sikhism, adherence to Dharma is considered the key to achieving these spiritual goals.
Karma and Rebirth: Dharma is intricately linked with the concept of Karma (action) and its consequences. The notion that one's actions in accordance with Dharma influence future rebirths and life circumstances is a common thread in these religions.
The term "Dharmic religions" groups together Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism due to their shared emphasis on the concept of Dharma, which plays a central role in shaping their ethical codes, spiritual practices, and ultimate spiritual goals. Despite their unique paths and teachings, these religions converge in their understanding of Dharma as the righteous path, the moral and cosmic order, and the means to spiritual liberation.